Hydrogen electrolysis

The supply of hydrogen for industrial use is a major global business, with electrical power demand to produce green hydrogen expected to reach up to 4500 GW by 2050. Current hydrogen production, however, is supplied almost entirely by fossil fuels, consuming around 6% of global natural gas and 2% of global coal supplies. In contrast, water electrolysis can generate “green” hydrogen by harnessing renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power. Yet, this more sustainable process is currently only responsible for around 2% of worldwide hydrogen production.

Electrolysis produces hydrogen by using electricity to split water into its hydrogen and oxygen components. The process requires high levels of direct current (DC) supplied by power conversion systems. The design of this converter significantly affects the overall efficiency, reliability, and cost of the green hydrogen plant.

AC and DC-coupled power conversion topologies, using Infineon power semiconductors, are used in large hydrogen plants. AC inputs from the grid or wind-generated electricity sources must be converted to DC for the electrolyzer. DC inputs from photovoltaic or energy storage systems must also be converted to appropriate voltage levels. A variety of power conversion topologies can be found within an electrolysis plan, including:

AFE Rectifiers:
Active front-end rectifiers are IGBT-based converters and can be operated at unity power factors and have low levels of Total Harmonic Distortions (< 5%). For systems up to 250 kW, Easy and  62mm modules are economically suited for system outputs. For those above 250 kW, EconoDUAL ™ 3, XHP™,  PrimePACK™, and IHM modules are an optimal choice.

Thyristors and Diodes:
Multi-pulse thyristor-based converters, usually 12-pulse or 24-pulse topologies, are popular for AC to DC power conversion because of their robustness, high efficiency levels, and high current density. Thyristor rectifiers are particularly useful in high-power applications (>1 MW). High system power (>50 MW) can be efficiently realized through the interaction of several high-power thyristors and diode discs.

Buck Boost / DAB:
Buck-type choppers and Dual Active Bridge are often used as the rear stage of thyristor or diode rectifiers with higher power factors across a wide operational converter range.

Our whitepaper examines key growth drivers in the hydrogen market, highlighting the essential Power Conversion System (PCS) for electrolysis. It introduces standard electrolysis plant layouts and power conversion topologies. Infineon's leadership in power semiconductors enables a diverse PCS design portfolio. The conclusion offers insights into Infineon's product range and technological expertise.

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